Abstract
Born in 1833, Benedykt Dybowski received a doctorate degree from the University of Berlin in medicine and surgery in 1860. In 1862, he became professor of zoology at the University of Warsaw, where he taught comparative anatomy and zoology. Dybowski became interested in politics; he opposed the czarist domination of Poland, which was part of the Russian empire at that time. For his participation in the ill-fated January uprising of 1863, Dybowski was convicted and sentenced to hard labor in a small village near Lake Baikal in southern Siberia. While incarcerated, he voluntarily cared for fellow prisoners and local villagers and battled an epidemic of typhus and scarlet fever. Initially in his prison term, he was forced to work as a lumberjack. After a few years, conditions improved and he was able to conduct an extensive study of the Baikal region, including its geophysical properties. He also studied ornithology and described many new species that were unique to Siberia.
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