Abstract
The focus of this study was the deposition of high-speed tool steel powder M4 using a laser-assisted metal deposition process. M4 powder is widely used in the hardfacing of various metal components, such as dies and molds due to its superior hardness and wear resistance. However, the difficulty of depositing this powder at room temperature has led to its applicability being restricted. In this context, substrate preheating is a widely used technique to improve the deposition characteristics of metal powders. Thus, the deposition of AISI M4 powder on preheated AISI 1045 substrates was carried out with the purpose of hardfacing, and the temperature-dependent changes in the bending behaviors of the substrate and the deposited layer were examined. In particular, four-point and three-point bending tests were conducted to investigate the effects of the preheating process on the bonding strength between the substrate and the deposited layer, and on the bending failure behavior, respectively. The bending test specimens were prepared by preheating the substrates to temperatures of 100, 300, and 500 °C. For comparison, the tests were also performed on samples prepared on non-preheated substrates. During the four-point bending tests, debonding occurred in the specimens deposited on the non-preheated substrates and also in those preheated to low temperatures, due to interfacial crack formation. However, the specimens deposited on the substrates preheated to high temperatures exhibited excellent bonding strengths. In addition, the three-point bending test results indicated that the deposited layer exhibited a high bending strength when formed on substrates heated to high temperatures, whereas the bending resistance decreased slightly due to the presence of pores generated in the deposited layer during crack propagation towards the interface. Finally, during crack growth towards the substrate via the interface, the specimens fabricated using a high preheating temperature exhibited higher failure resistance.
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