Benchmarking Machine Learning Approaches to Evaluate the Cultivar Differentiation of Plum (Prunus domestica L.) Kernels

Xiang Cai,Muhammet Fatih Aslan,Kadir Sabanci,Ewa Ropelewska,Zhan Zhang

doi:10.3390/agriculture12020285

Xiang Cai, Muhammet Fatih Aslan + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020285

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Abstract

Plum fruit and kernels offer bioactive material for industrial production. The promising procedure for distinguishing plum kernel cultivars used in this study comprised two stages: image analysis to compute the texture parameters of plum kernels belonging to three cultivars ‘Emper’, ‘Kalipso’, and ‘Polinka’, and discriminant analysis using machine learning algorithms to classify plum kernel cultivars based on selected textures with the highest discriminative power. The discriminative models built separately for sets of textures selected from all color channels L, a, b, R, G, B, U, V, S, X, Y, Z, color space Lab and color channel b using the KStar (Lazy), PART (Rules), and LMT (Trees) classifiers provided the highest average accuracies reaching 98% in the case of the color space Lab and the KStar classifier. In this case, individual cultivars were discriminated with the accuracies of 97% for ‘Emper’ and ‘Kalipso’ to 99% for ‘Polinka’. The values of other performance metrics were also satisfactory, higher than 0.95. The ROC curves were quite smooth and steady with the most satisfactory curve for the ‘Kalipso’ kernels. The present study sheds light on an objective, non-destructive, and inexpensive procedure for cultivar discrimination of plum kernels.

Highlights

IntroductionPrunus domestica L. is the main cultivated plum in Europe and Asia
Plum belongs to the genus Prunus and Rosaceae family
In the case of models built using the KStar classifier (Table 1), high discrimination performance metrics were acquired for a set of textures selected from all color channels, as well as color space Lab and color channel b

Summary

Introduction

Prunus domestica L. is the main cultivated plum in Europe and Asia. Plum cultivars can differ in many characteristics such as shape, size, color, weight, and chemical composition of the fruit, flesh adhesion and shape of stone, diameter and color of anthers of flower, dates of flowering and fruit maturity [1]. Individual plum cultivars can be cultivated under different conditions including temperature, water, light, nutrient [3]. Mature plum contains about 84–90% (w/w) flesh and the pit (stone) with the kernel is the remaining 10–16% (w/w) [5]. The processing of plums results in the production of pits that should be removed from the fruit. Kernels contain amygdalin that in the appropriate doses can have health-promoting properties. Amygdalin can hydrolyze to hydrogen cyanide that can have harmful and toxic effects on human health

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