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Abstract
Begomoviruses cause substantial losses to agricultural production, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, and are exclusively transmitted by members of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci species complex. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the transmission of begomoviruses by their whitefly vector are not clear. In this study, we found that B. tabaci vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (BtVAMP2) interacts with the coat protein (CP) of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), an emergent begomovirus that seriously impacts tomato production globally. After infection with TYLCV, the transcription of BtVAMP2 was increased. When the BtVAMP2 protein was blocked by feeding with a specific BtVAMP2 antibody, the quantity of TYLCV in B. tabaci whole body was significantly reduced. BtVAMP2 was found to be conserved among the B. tabaci species complex and also interacts with the CP of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV). When feeding with BtVAMP2 antibody, the acquisition quantity of SLCMV in whitefly whole body was also decreased significantly. Overall, our results demonstrate that BtVAMP2 interacts with the CP of begomoviruses and promotes their acquisition by whitefly.
Highlights
As the BtVAMP2 on the gel picture should be close to 16 kDa, it is difficult to visualize in this gel picture
Previous studies have of of begomoviruses in the whitefly vecPrevious have shown shownthat thatthe thetransport transport begomoviruses in the whitefly vector is associated with vesicletrafficking traffickingsystems, systems,and andup upto to only vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB), tor is associated with vesicle
We demonstrated that protein BtVAMP2, which is an integral component of membranes and predicted to participate in vesicle-mediated transport pathways, could bind to the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) coat protein (CP) (Figure 2A,B)
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Geminiviruses (Geminiviridae) are a group of plant viruses characterized by a genome of circular single-stranded DNA encapsidated in twinned virions These viruses are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and cause economically important diseases to food and fiber crops worldwide [1,2,3]. Two begomoviruses are listed in the top 10 plant viruses of scientific/economic importance globally, namely, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) [6]. An indigenous B. tabaci species Asia II 1 efficiently transmits SLCMV and poses a potential threat to cassava production in many regions [20]. S-transferase (GST)-pull down, gene expression analysis, and virus acquisition and transmission, we found that BtVAMP2 interacts with the CP of begomoviruses including TYLCV and SLCMV, and supports virus acquisition. Our findings provide new insights for further understanding the interaction mechanisms between B. tabaci and begomoviruses
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