Belt conveyor starting mode optimization

Abstract

The work is aimed at increasing the efficiency of belt conveyors by choosing the drive mechanism movement mode. During the operation of belt conveyors, significant energy and dynamic loads occur in the elements of the drive mechanism and traction body. The available loads significantly affect the energy losses and the reliability of the drive mechanism and the traction body. Energy and dynamic loads during transient processes (starting, braking, changing speed or performance and emergency stop) are especially dangerous. At this moment, high-frequency oscillations of both the traction body and the drive elements arise. With such fluctuations in the traction body (belt) of the conveyor, significant breaking forces arise, which create additional unwanted stresses in it and, as a result, contribute to premature destruction. In addition, the stator and rotor windings of the electric motor are heated, which accelerates their wear and failure. In order to reduce dynamic loads, it is proposed to optimize the movement mode of the drive mechanism. For this purpose, the conveyor is presented in the form of a three-mass dynamic model, based on which a mathematical model was created. From the conducted dynamic analysis of the belt conveyor, it was established that during the start-up process, significant power and energy overloads occur in the elements of the drive and the traction body, which depend on the driving force of the drive. In addition, high-frequency oscillations of the tape are observed. Since the undesirable properties of the belt conveyor largely depend on the magnitude of the driving force of the drive, it should form the basis of the optimization criterion. In addition, the driving force of the drive must be reflected in the optimization criterion during the entire movement process, that is, the optimization criterion must be presented in an integral form. To eliminate the possible compensation of negative and positive values of the driving force on the conveyor, the latter should be represented in the integral criterion in quadratic form. Therefore, the rms value of the driving force of the drive during the start-up time was chosen as the criterion for optimizing the motion mode of the belt conveyor. Optimization of the conveyor movement mode was carried out by minimizing the integral dynamic criterion. As a result of the optimization, the start-up mode of the belt conveyor was determined, which minimizes the effect of dynamic loads. This start-up mode makes it possible to increase the reliability of the conveyor and reduce the energy consumption of the drive.