Belogradchik Rocks, Bulgaria: Geological Setting, Genesis and Geoconservation Value

Abstract

The Belogradchik Rocks are one of the most famous natural landmarks in Bulgaria. This spectacular rock assemblage represents a remarkable combination of imposing rock monuments and a beautiful mountain landscape. It is formed in Lower Triassic red continental sandstones and conglomerates of the Petrohan Terrigenous Group. The thick layers were deposited by continental rivers in the west Balkans (Northwest Bulgaria). In a protected area of about 600 ha close to the town of Belogradchik, the impressive stone giants are named after persons and animals that they resemble: Adam and Eve, the Madonna, the Schoolgirl, the Monks, the Dinosaurs, the Lion, and so on. However, the restricted protected area does not represent the entire variety and natural beauty of the region. There are numerous impressive outcrops, rock formations, and single buttes in a large area of the West Balkans—a 3-km wide and 18-km long strip that meets the requirements of a national geopark. Along with its natural beauty, Belogradchik has a long history, closely connected to the natural landscape. It dates as far back as the Palaeolithic Period as documented by simple pebble tools, prehistoric graphic art (mural paintings), and many relicts of the Bronze and Iron ages. The Roman fortress on top of the monument field served various garrisons for many centuries. Due to its natural beauty and historical significance, Belogradchik Rocks are the Bulgarian nomination for the “New Seven Natural Wonders of the World”. The present protected area is going through the procedure for acceptance into the European Geopark Network.