Beliefs about Worry and Intrusions: The Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire and its Correlates

Abstract

This report describes the development of the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire to measure beliefs about worry and intrusive thoughts. Factor analyses of the scale demonstrated five empirically distinct and relatively stable dimensions of meta-cognition. Four of the factors representing beliefs were: Positive Beliefs About Worry; Negative Beliefs About the Controllability of Thoughts and Corresponding Danger; Cognitive Confidence; and Negative Beliefs about Thoughts in General, including Themes of Superstition, Punishment and Responsibility. The fifth factor represented Meta-Cognitive processes — Cognitive Self-Consciousness — a tendency to be aware of and monitor thinking. The measure showed good psychometric properties on a range of indices of reliability and validity. Scores on the questionnaire subscales predicted measures of worry proneness, proneness to obsessional symptoms, and anxiety. Regression analyses showed that the independent predictors of worry were: Positive Beliefs about Worry; Negative Beliefs About the Controllability of Thoughts and Corresponding Danger; and Cognitive Confidence. Significant differences in particular MCQ subscales were demonstrated between patients with intrusive thoughts, clinical controls and normals. The implications of these findings for models of worry and intrusive thoughts are discussed. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd