Abstract
Cognitive routing for maritime wireless ad hoc networks is proposed in this paper to find a stable path between source and destination. This is ship-to-ship communication where two ships can communicate when they not only have consensus on a common idle channel but also are in the transmission range of each other. We apply belief propagation algorithm for collaborative spectrum sensing. Every user (ship) exchanges its local decisions with its neighbors to compute the final belief about the state of the channel. These beliefs are applied for estimating the link duration for total number of hops between source and destination. Then, a path is selected which maximizes the path duration among all the paths in the network to reach the destination. We apply both flood-based and geographical routing protocols to find a route between source and destination for different scenarios. We simulate our scheme for different ocean settings and evaluate path durations for different number of ships. The results report a significant increase in path duration as the number of nodes increases in the network. In addition, we verify that path duration increases with an increase in probability of primary user being idle via extensive simulations. Hence, our scheme provides stable path selection for communication among users onboard.
Highlights
Maritime communications play an essential role in providing variety of services to users aboard
Existing maritime communication systems are based on high frequency (HF), very high frequency (VHF), and ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radios which are currently insufficient for growing maritime requirements [2]
Tang et al [12] introduced the idea of cognitive radio to automatic identification system (AIS) for the first time by sensing white spaces based on energy detection scheme without interfering with AIS services
Summary
Maritime communications play an essential role in providing variety of services to users aboard. A new technique is required to provide stable link for cognitive maritime communications by ensuring cooperation among marine users. Various routing techniques have been proposed to provide stable link in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). These routing techniques cannot be directly applied in maritime networks due to rough sea surface. (i) A novel scheme for cognitive maritime multihop ad hoc network is proposed to find a stable path between source and destination based on belief propagation (BP) algorithm.
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