Abstract
Stimulation of the telencephalon of free-swimming goldfish resulted in well-developed arousal reactions, that is rapid extensions of the fins, and tail flips. There were no forced motor components. Study of a variety of implant positions, subsequently confirmed histologically, showed a localization of the effect, with lowest arousal thresholds occurring postero-centrally. Preference trials showed that two olfactory sites were mildly positively reinforcing, and that the other sites were in most cases negatively reinforcing. There was no obvious correlation between a site having low arousal threshold and high or low aversion. It is suggested that the arousal pattern is an expression of attention, mediated by the telencephalon. The apparent dissociation of this from reinforcement seems to be indicative of at least two separate systems within the telencephalon, not including the olfactory system.
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