Abstract
The anisotropic pore structure and elasticity of cancellous bone cause wave speeds and attenuation in cancellous bone to vary with angle. Anisotropy has been introduced into Biot theory by using an empirical expression for the angle-and porosity-dependence of tortuosity. Predictions of a modified anisotropic Biot-Attenborough theory are compared with measurements of pulses centred on 100 kHz and 1 MHz transmitted through water-saturated porous samples. The samples are 13 times larger than the original bone samples. Despite the expected effects of scattering, which is neglected in the theory, at 100 kHz the predicted and measured transmitted waveforms are similar.
Highlights
Understanding the propagation of acoustic waves through cancellous bone is an important pre-requisite to improving the diagnosis of osteoporosis by ultrasound
The porosity of human cancellous bone ranges between 70% and 95%, the remaining volume being perfused with bone marrow
Predictions of a modified anisotropic Biot-Allard theory which neglecting scattering, have been compared with measurements of pulses centered on 100 kHz and 1 MHz transmitted through water saturated porous rigid samples at normal and oblique angles
Summary
Understanding the propagation of acoustic waves through cancellous bone is an important pre-requisite to improving the diagnosis of osteoporosis by ultrasound. To improve the prediction of fracture risk by ultrasound it is important to understand the propagation of acoustic waves through cancellous bone. Aim of this work is to investigate the dependence of ultrasonic wave propagation upon the material and structural properties of porous rigid materials.
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