Abstract
Samples of ice and water from different depths were collected from various parts of Lake Näsijärvi, Finland. Chloroform was analysed by liquid—liquid extraction, capillary gas chromatography followed by electron capture detection and confirmation by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Maps of the regional variation of chloroform and sodium-lignin sulfonates (NaLS) show that under winter conditions with an inverse stratification the effluents of a pulp mill containing chloroform and NaLS fill the depressions of the lake bottom and flow as a thin, high-density waste water current downslope northeastward against the southward directed upper current of the epilimnion. Plots of chloroform against Ca indicate that there is only a weak net removal of chloroform from combined solution and suspension. Thus mass transfer to the atmosphere is confined in Lake Näsijärvi to seasons with vertical mixing of the water masses.
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