Abstract
To improve pavement design methods, the behaviour of the interfaces between pavement layers must be precisely taken into account. This paper describes the thermomechanical behaviour of an interface in the small strain domain. Thanks to the innovative 2T3C Hollow Cylinder Apparatus (2T3C HCA), the behaviour of an interface was observed directly with 3D Digital Image Correlation (3D DIC). The studied samples were constituted of two layers of bituminous mixtures with a bitumen emulsion at the interface. From cyclic tests performed at four different frequencies (from 0.01 to 0.3 Hz) and four different temperatures (from 10 to 40 °C), the complex interface stiffnesses in the tension–compression mode and in the shear mode were obtained. The time–temperature superposition principle was verified for the abovementioned stiffnesses. Knowing a 2S2P1D (2 Springs, 2 Parabolic elements, 1 Dashpot) model of the bitumen of the tack coat, the norms of the complex interface stiffnesses were modelled with 2S2P1D models by using a SHStS (Shift, Homothety, Shift and time Shift) transformation.
Highlights
Layers made of bituminous mixtures are usually assumed to be perfectly bonded in the mechanical calculations
Cyclic tension–compression tests and cyclic rotation tests at small strain amplitude were performed on hollow cylinder samples
Three samples of the same bilayered material composed of two bituminous mixtures layers and a bitumen emulsion at the interface were tested
Summary
Layers made of bituminous mixtures are usually assumed to be perfectly bonded in the mechanical calculations (i.e. continuity of displacements at the interface). The failure tests can be monotonic [6] or cyclic for fatigue characterisation [7,8,9,10,11] Multiple factors such as temperature [12], dosage of tack coat or type of bituminous mixtures layers were investigated [13]. These tests were either done at high strain levels for monotonic failure tests or with an important number of cycles for fatigue tests. It is important to know the interface behaviour for a
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