Behaviour Change Techniques in Weight Gain Prevention Interventions in Adults of Reproductive Age: Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.

Mamaru Ayenew Awoke,Cheryce L. Harrison,Lisa J. Moran,Marie L. Misso,Siew Lim,Julie Martin

doi:10.3390/nu14010209

Mamaru Ayenew Awoke, Cheryce L. Harrison + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010209

Copy DOI

Journal: Nutrients	Publication Date: Jan 3, 2022
Citations: 5	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Monash University

Abstract

Weight gain prevention interventions are likely to be more effective with the inclusion of behaviour change techniques. However, evidence on which behaviour change techniques (BCT) are most effective for preventing weight gain and improving lifestyle (diet and physical activity) is limited, especially in reproductive-aged adults. This meta-analysis and meta-regression aimed to identify BCT associated with changes in weight, energy intake and physical activity in reproductive-aged adults. BCT were identified using the BCT Taxonomy (v1) from each intervention. Meta-regression analyses were used to identify BCT associated with change in weight, energy intake and physical activity. Thirty-four articles were included with twenty-nine articles for the meta-analysis. Forty-three of the ninety-three possible BCT listed in the taxonomy were identified in the included studies. Feedback on behaviour and Graded tasks were significantly associated with less weight gain, and Review behaviour goals was significantly associated with lower energy intake. No individual BCT were significantly associated with physical activity. Our analysis provides further evidence for which BCT are most effective in weight gain prevention interventions. The findings support that the use of key BCT within interventions can contribute to successful weight gain prevention in adults of reproductive age.

Highlights

This study aims to identify the behaviour change techniques (BCT) associated with change in weight, energy intake and physical activity in adults of reproductive age
While we report physical outcome only for six studies reported on similar scales (METmin/week) in our previous paper [16], here, we analyzed studies reported on different scales which can be combined as standardized mean differences (SMDs) (calculated using Hedges’ (g)) with 95% confidence interval
Combining studies that reported physical activity on different scales, the intervention effect remained significant on physical activity levels (SMD 0.13, 95% CI −0.05, 0.31, 17 studies, 4496 participants, I2 = 80.77%, p < 0.001) (Figure S2)

Summary

Introduction

The prevalence of overweight and obesity affect one-third of the world’s population and are escalating globally [1]. Both men and women of reproductive age are at increasing risk of longitudinal weight gain and development of obesity [2,3] with longitudinal data reporting they gained 0.5–0.8 kg per year [4,5]. Women of reproductive age are at a higher risk of weight gain and obesity exacerbated by excess gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention. In addition to increasing the risk of obesity, weight gain in adults is associated with increased risk of various chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and cancer [8,9] and an overall increased risk of mortality [10]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion