Abstract
Organic soft linear actuators were fabricated using galvanostatic electropolymerization of the polypyrrole (PPy) thin film using a methyl benzoate electrolyte solution of N,N-Diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl) ammonium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide. The electrochemical deformation behaviors of the PPy actuators were investigated in aqueous solutions of an electrolyte, lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulphonyl) imide (LiTFSI) or sodium chloride (NaCl), containing different concentrations of methanol. The actuating strain of approximately 9% was achieved when the actuator was driven by a potential between –1 and 1 V with the potential sweep rate of 10 mV/s corresponding to 0.0025 Hz in the LiTFSI electrolyte containing 40% to 50% of methanol under a load stress of 0.3 MPa. However, the PPy actuator could not catch up with the higher frequency. On the other hand, the PPy actuator caught up with the potential sweep up to 0.1 Hz in the NaCl solutions with a methanol concentration between 40% and 60% with the expense of the actuating strain to approximately 1%.
Highlights
Organic soft linear actuators made of conducting polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) films are of special interest for application in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) because they generate large electrochemical stress between 3 and 5 MPa and large strain [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
The actuating strain of approximately 9% was achieved when the actuator was driven by a potential between –1 and 1 V with the potential sweep rate of 10 mV/s corresponding to 0.0025 Hz in the lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulphonyl) imide (LiTFSI) electrolyte containing 40% to 50% of methanol under a load stress of 0.3 MPa
We report on increased actuating strain of PPy actuators but with minimal increase of electrochemical creep in a LiTFSI electrolyte solution contain
Summary
Organic soft linear actuators made of conducting polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy) films are of special interest for application in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) because they generate large electrochemical stress between 3 and 5 MPa and large strain [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Hara et al reported that their TFSI-doped porous PPy films exhibited increased actuating strains when their aqueous lithium bis (trifluoromethansulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) electrolyte solutions contained propylene carbonate [25]. They attributed those effects to the swelling of the PPy film caused by the penetration of propylene carbonate. The PPy actuators in the electrolyte solutions showed notable electrochemical creep after repeated actuation processes
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