Abstract
The search for new oil seed crops in the low rainfall drought Central Anatolia has attracted researchers to profitable alternative crops like Brassica species in recent years. Breeding of a suitable oilseed crop for the Central Anatolia will provide a new rotational break for controlling soil borne diseases, weeds and drought stress that are very difficult to manage with prevailing agricultural practices. Brassica juncea L. is an important oilseed crop and is newly introduced in Turkey. This study was conducted to evaluate the developmental responses to 4 different day lengths and cosequently climatic conditions to screen 38 B. juncea genotypes for some oil yield related agronomic charachterisitics under hot humid climatic conditions of Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey. It was noted that early and delayed sown genotypes had synchronization towards flowering in the month of June with 15 h 01 min to 15 h to 39 min day length photoperiod. The results showed a significant effects of sowing dates day lengths and consequently climates upon genotypes for oil yield and agronomic traits. The maximum mean crude oil yield (38.4 g m-2) was obtained from AK genotype. The results clearly describe that early sowing provides long period of vegetative growth with increased intake of photosynthates to plant sinks; that is not possible under late sowings.
Highlights
Brassica juncea L. is extensively used for extraction of industrial oils
The days to emergence (8.3-14.9 d), days to 50% flowering (29.5-57.5 d), days to maturity (26.5-48.5 d), plant height (25.7-124.6 cm), number of branches (2.9-5.3 branch plant-1), number of capsules (46.2-113.8 capsul plant-1), thousand seed weight (0.8-1.8 g), seed yield (5.9-101.0 g m-2), crude oil content (11.9-25.0%) and crude oil yield (0.7-25.8 g m-2) showed differences among genotypes and the effects of varying environmental conditions at the time of 4 sowing dates used in the study (Table 3)
Flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of lateral branches, number of capsules, thousand seed weight, seed yield, crude oil content and crude oil yield changed between 10.3-19.3 d, 44.8-55.3 d, 31.0-38.3 d, 40.5-168.2 cm, 3.0-5.8 branch plant-1, 54.9-118.3 capsul plant-1, 0.5-2.2 g, 6.8-122.4 g m-2, 19.2-27.7% and 1.7-38.4 g m-2, in the same order for all genotypes (Table 3)
Summary
Brassica juncea L. (brown mustard) is extensively used for extraction of industrial oils. Results and Discussion The days to emergence (8.3-14.9 d), days to 50% flowering (29.5-57.5 d), days to maturity (26.5-48.5 d), plant height (25.7-124.6 cm), number of branches (2.9-5.3 branch plant-1), number of capsules (46.2-113.8 capsul plant-1), thousand seed weight (0.8-1.8 g), seed yield (5.9-101.0 g m-2), crude oil content (11.9-25.0%) and crude oil yield (0.7-25.8 g m-2) showed differences among genotypes and the effects of varying environmental conditions at the time of 4 sowing dates used in the study (Table 3).
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