Abstract
In the outdoor environment, the effect of the physical environmental factors that compose the sensational and physiological temperature is remarkably large in comparison to the indoor environment. The purpose of this paper is to propose and develop a behavioral thermoregulation model in the outdoor environment, in order to predict the mean skin temperature for the evaluation of outdoor environment. This model is based on a Two-Node Model, and has three components: direct solar radiation, indirect solar radiation, and heat conduction. Each body part consists of core and skin layers. The model formula, by ratio of body weight of skin layer of heat conductance between skin and core layer, was included in this model. To verify this model, experiments were conducted. It was shown from the relation between ETFe (Enhanced conduction-corrected modified effective temperature) and mean skin temperature that it is possible to quantity explicitly the effects owing to outdoor environmental factors, short-wave solar radiation, heat conduction etc. It was made clear that the current model is valid for simulated mean skin temperature in the outdoor environment.
Highlights
When investigating the regeneration or development of a city, taking into consideration the urban environment is an important point for investigation
In the actual human body, in a cold environment, core temperature is maintained by means of the thermal resistance between the core and skin layers, which depends on the variations of the body weight of the skin layer
The thermoregulation model was developed, which included the thermal influences from short-wave solar radiation and heat conduction
Summary
When investigating the regeneration or development of a city, taking into consideration the urban environment is an important point for investigation. As a method of quantifying the results of improving the urban thermal environment for the population, the urban environment can be evaluated by the sensational and physiological temperature. The physical values related to autonomic and behavioral thermoregulation and climatic and environment factors, in spaces occupied by humans are essential. Values related to the meteorological environment and behavioral thermoregulation can be measured or estimated within a certain range. The only methods available for estimating the result of physiological responses of the body exposed to the environment, expressed as skin temperature, is to take measurements, or to use a developed thermoregulation model, which assumes that the body is “floating” within a room
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