Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic condition that can lead to many life-threatening diseases. Prediabetes is defined as a state in which blood glucose levels are elevated but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. This stage can be reversible with appropriate lifestyle and dietary modifications. Existing solutions are mostly developed to deal with T2D instead of preventing it in the first place. In this study, we propose a framework to aid in the development of self-care systems to prevent T2D, which integrates behavioral change theories and techniques and offers features, such as goal setting, activity planning, and health monitoring. We then assessed the feasibility of a prediabetes self-care system designed based on the proposed framework. Quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted in evaluating i-PreventDiabetes, a prototype. Numerous aspects of the prototype were evaluated, including (1) its effectiveness in assisting individuals with prediabetes in improving their health management behaviors, (2) its effect on users’ attitudes toward diabetes prevention, (3) users’ motivation levels, (4) user acceptability of the system, and (5) user experience. Users viewed i-PreventDiabetes positively and experienced a positive change in their attitude toward their health. Diabetes prevention systems, such as i-PreventDiabetes, have the potential to increase self-care behaviors among individuals with prediabetes, enabling them to manage their lifestyle and nutrition more effectively to avert a variety of potentially fatal conditions.

Highlights

  • Diabetes is defined as a non-communicable illness that affects a large number of people

  • Prediabetes is a stage of diabetes in which the blood glucose level is elevated above normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes

  • Prevention of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is possible with proper diet and lifestyle modification at the prediabetes stage

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Summary

Introduction

Diabetes is defined as a non-communicable illness that affects a large number of people. T2D may be avoided during the prediabetes stage by modifying one’s diet and lifestyle. The number of people diagnosed with T2D has risen dramatically. Prediabetes is a stage of diabetes in which the blood glucose level is elevated above normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. T2D may be avoided or delayed at this time by observing a healthy diet and increased physical activity [2,3]. Human behavior is critical in establishing a healthy diet and lifestyle. Diet, increased physical activity, and behavior therapy are the three critical components of lifestyle change [4]

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