Abstract
A new, dynamic, double-input, double-output (DIDO), wideband, dynamic, complex envelope, behavioral model for power amplifiers (PAs), accounting for load mismatch effects, is proposed and validated in this paper. The model is constructed based on two-dimensional, dynamic, canonical section-wise piecewise-linear functions (2-D DCSWPL). Compared with existing DIDO behavioral modeling methods, which are almost all exclusively based on polynomial functions, the proposed model permits a vastly extended modeling space for PAs under load mismatch conditions. Experimental examples are given to validate the proposed modeling technique with a 15 W GaN PA under a wide range of output mismatch conditions, driven by a 5 MHz LTE signal. The proposed model shows an average accuracy improvement of 2 dB when compared with the more traditional DIDO memory polynomial (MP) models. In addition, the load reflection-dependent dynamic 2-D CSWPL modeling technique for PAs under mismatch condition is also provided. Compared with load-dependent MP, load-dependent crossover MP (COMP) and load-dependent DIDO MP models, the proposed model shows superior accuracy. Thus, the proposed modeling technique is an excellent choice for the modelling of PA systems that are subject to load mismatch effects.
Highlights
The development of the fifth generation (5G) cellular communications network places stringent challenges on the radio frequency (RF) hardware infrastructure
In an effort to mitigate some of these issues, many novel, high-efficiency, power amplifiers (PAs) architectures have been proposed [1], which has led to modern RF power transmitters that are a complex mix of active components surrounded by additional passive circuitry
In this paper, a new, dynamic, behavioral modeling technique based on canonical section wise piecewise-linear functions for PAs, including load mismatch effects, is presented and validated
Summary
The development of the fifth generation (5G) cellular communications network places stringent challenges on the radio frequency (RF) hardware infrastructure. The popular, frequency-domain, X-parameter behavioral modelling approach provides a model based on the quasistatic polyharmonic distortion (QS PHD) formalism that may be used only when the load perturbations are relatively small in magnitude This restriction is due to the assumption of validity of a linearized spectral mapping describing function around a single large-signal operating point [25]–[27]. A number of publications have reported promising results from behavioral models for dynamic PA operation based on the CSWPL functions [28]–[32] All such models demonstrated to date are one-dimensional, i.e., they consider only a single input signal. A 2D DCSWPL technique is used to create a dynamic, nonlinear, behavioral model for RF PAs that provides accurate prediction under high mismatch conditions at the output of the active device.
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