Abstract
During the first half of 2019, many provinces of Iran were affected by floods, which claimed the lives of 82 people. The present study aimed to investigate the behavioral, health related and demographic risk factors associated with deaths due to floods. We measured the odds ratio and investigated the contribution and significance of the factors in relation to mortality. This case-control study was conducted in the cities affected by flood in Iran. Data were collected on the flood victims using a questionnaire. Survivors, a member of the flood victim's family, were interviewed. In total, 77 subjects completed the survey in the case group, and 310 subjects completed the survey in the control group. The findings indicated that factors such as the age of less than 18 years, low literacy, being trapped in buildings/cars, and risky behaviors increased the risk of flood deaths. Regarding the behavioral factors, perceived/real swimming skills increased the risk of flood deaths although it may seem paradoxical. This increment is due to increased self confidence in time of flood. On the other hand, skills and abilities such as evacuation, requesting help, and escape decreased the risk of flood deaths. According to the results, the adoption of support strategies, protecting vulnerable groups, and improving the socioeconomic status of flood-prone areas could prevent and reduce the risk of flood deaths.
Highlights
Floods are a major cause of death among natural disasters [1]
We considered flood deaths as an outcome to behavioral, healthrelated, and demographic risk factors, and the investigation was performed with a case-control design
The analytical results regarding the correlations between the behavioral and skill characteristics of the victims of flood death based on Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test indicated that age, education level, and occupation status were significantly associated with flood death (P
Summary
Floods are a major cause of death among natural disasters [1]. Death is a sever and irreversible consequence of floods [2], and the frequency of deaths due to floods is reported to be noticeably higher compared to other natural disasters [3–5]. Flood deaths are on a rising trend throughout the world [6, 7]. The 2018 World Disasters Report indicated that 1,522 floods have occurred in the world within the past decade (2008–2017).
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