Behavioral characterization in a comprehensive mouse test battery reveals motor and sensory impairments in growth-associated protein-43 null mutant mice

Abstract

The growth-associated protein (GAP)-43 is a major neuronal protein associated with axonal growth, neuronal plasticity and learning. The observation that only 5–10% of mice with a full GAP-43 gene deletion survive weaning suggests that basic neural functions are disturbed. Here we used a comprehensive test battery to characterise and quantify the motor and sensory function of surviving adult homozygous GAP-43 (−/−) mice as compared with GAP-43 (±) and wild-type animals. The test battery was comprised of motor, sensory, and reflex tests producing 25 measures of locomotion, as well as epicritic, auditory, olfactory and visual function. The analysis revealed significant impairments in muscle strength, limb coordination and balance in GAP-43 (−/−) mice. Furthermore, GAP-43 (−/−) animals were hyperactive and showed reduced anxiety as measured by open field and light dark tests. In sensory tests, GAP-43 (−/−) mice were tested for impaired tactile and labyrinthine function. Abnormal reflexes were found in the contact and vibrissa placing responses, and in the crossed extensor reflex. GAP-43 (±) animals showed only moderate abnormalities as compared with wild-type animals. We conclude that GAP-43 is necessary for the development and function of a variety of neuronal systems. The results also show that the comprehensive test battery used in the present study represents a sensitive approach to assess the functional integrity of ascending and descending pathways in genetically manipulated mice.