Abstract
Diet-induced obesity models are widely used to investigate dietary interventions for treating obesity. This study was aimed to test whether a dietary intervention based on a calorie-restricted cafeteria diet (CAF-R) and a polyphenolic compound (Oleuropein, OLE) supplementation modified sucrose intake, preference, and taste reactivity in cafeteria diet (CAF)-induced obese rats. CAF diet consists of high-energy, highly palatable human foods. Male rats fed standard chow (STD) or CAF diet were compared with obese rats fed CAF-R diet, alone or supplemented with an olive tree leaves extract (25 mg/kg*day) containing a 20.1% of OLE (CAF-RO). Biometric, food consumption, and serum parameters were measured. CAF diet increased body weight, food and energy consumption and obesity-associated metabolic parameters. CAF-R and CAF-RO diets significantly attenuated body weight gain and BMI, diminished food and energy intake and improved biochemical parameters such as triacylglycerides and insulin resistance which did not differ between CAF-RO and STD groups. The three cafeteria groups diminished sucrose intake and preference compared to STD group. CAF-RO also diminished the hedonic responses for the high sucrose concentrations compared with the other groups. These results indicate that CAF-R diet may be an efficient strategy to restore obesity-associated alterations, whilst OLE supplementation seems to have an additional beneficial effect on sweet taste function.
Highlights
The prevalence of overweight and obesity are escalating worldwide, along with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and the development of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1,2]
The standard chow (STD) group was maintained on an ad libitum chow diet, whereas CAF-fed animals were subdivided into three subgroups depending on the dietary treatment received: the remaining cafeteria diet ad libitum group (CAF, n = 10); the CAF-R group (n = 10), fed with calorie-restricted cafeteria diet; and the CAF-RO group (n = 10), fed with CAF-R diet supplemented with olive tree leaves extract (25 mg/kg*day)
As for the serum metabolic parameters, the CAF diet induced an increase in circulating levels of triacylglycerides, insulin, insulin resistance indicated by the HOMA-IR (p < 0.05), and leptin (p < 0.001), compared to the STD group
Summary
The prevalence of overweight and obesity are escalating worldwide, along with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and the development of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1,2]. In a recent meta-analysis investigating how physiological factors, pathologies and acquired habits influence taste sensitivity, the only factor increasing the sucrose detection threshold was a high body mass index (BMI), while aging and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were found to exhibit an increased sucrose recognition threshold [5]. Whether these changes are associated with the metabolic consequences of obesity or are the consequence of the sucrose consumption per se remain unclear [6]. The possibility that the taste system can increase or decrease its sensitivity with diet composition and influence food preference, choice, and overall energy intake, through diet-dependent chemosensory mechanisms of plasticity has been proposed [7]
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