Abstract
The use of natural products for the sedation and anesthesia of fish is already well established, with characteristics similar to or potentially superior to synthetic anesthetics. There is a significant advantage in terms of commercial accessibility compared to synthetic drugs, without compromising effectiveness and safety. Var. Oleracea, commonly known as jambu, is considered a medicinal plant. It contains spilanthol, an olefinic N-alkyl-amide with an isobutyl side chain. The supercritical oil of Spilanthes acmella (SOSA) exhibits anesthetic and sedative activity in fish. Our study aimed to evaluate the behavior and cardiac activity (ECG) of SOSA in seven groups: control, control vehicle, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 μL.L−1 in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). The animals were divided into two experiments: Experiment 1 (Behavioral), in which the latency for the loss and recovery of the animals' posture reflex in contact with the concentrations was evaluated. Experiment 2 (ECG), in which morphographic changes in the ECG were identified during treatment with various concentrations of SOSA. We conclude that concentrations of 20 μL.L−1 to 40 μL.L−1of SOSA were the most suitable for anesthesia due to the rapid reversibility of effects and minimal changes in the hemodynamics of C. macropomum in short-duration anesthesia.
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