Abstract
Background and Objectives: Elevated oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis of stress and memory-related complications. Mukia madrespatana (M. madrespatana) has been reported to have various biological and antioxidant properties. We intended to evaluate the effect of M. madrespatana peel on single immobilization stress-induced behavioral deficits and memory changes in rats. Materials and Methods: M. madrespatana peel (2000 mg/kg/day, orally) was administered to control and immobilize stressed animals for 4 weeks. Anxiolytic, antidepressant, and memory-enhancing effects of M. madrespatana were observed in both unstressed and stressed animals. Results: Lipid peroxidation was decreased while antioxidant enzymes were increased in both unstressed and stressed animals. Acetylcholine level was increased while acetylcholinesterase activity was decreased in both M. madrespatana treated unstressed and stressed rats. There was also an improvement in memory function. Serotonin neurotransmission was also regulated in M. madrespatana treated rats following immobilization stress with anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects. Conclusion: Based on the current study, it is suggested that M. madrespatana has strong antioxidant properties and may be beneficial as dietary supplementation in stress and memory-related conditions.
Highlights
Stress is a major threat to the body that alters homeostasis at the cellular level
The present study shows that immobilization stress-induced behavioral deficits such as depression-like symptoms measured by Forced Swim Test (FST), anxiety-like behavior measured by light/dark activity (LDA)/elevated plus maze (EPM), and memory impairment (STM and long-term memory (LTM)) measured by Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests
The present study showed that single immobilization stress imbalanced the normal natural environment at the cellular level and increased lipid peroxidation/malondialdehyde (Figure 6) and decreased antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Figure 7)
Summary
Stress is a major threat to the body that alters homeostasis at the cellular level. The immobilization stress model is an easy and continent method for inducing both psychological and physical stresses in mammals [1]. There is restricted mobility, an anxiety-like effect, and deterioration of antioxidant enzyme activities following immobilization stress [3]. We intended to evaluate the effect of M. madrespatana peel on single immobilization stress-induced behavioral deficits and memory changes in rats. Anxiolytic, antidepressant, and memory-enhancing effects of M. madrespatana were observed in both unstressed and stressed animals. Results: Lipid peroxidation was decreased while antioxidant enzymes were increased in both unstressed and stressed animals. Acetylcholine level was increased while acetylcholinesterase activity was decreased in both M. madrespatana treated unstressed and stressed rats. Serotonin neurotransmission was regulated in M. madrespatana treated rats following immobilization stress with anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects. Conclusion: Based on the current study, it is suggested that M. madrespatana has strong antioxidant properties and may be beneficial as dietary supplementation in stress and memory-related conditions
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