Behavioral Activation and Social Engagement for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Preliminary Acceptability and Clinical Outcomes in an Open Pilot Trial

Abstract

For many individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), poor social support is implicated in symptom exacerbation and reduced treatment engagement and effectiveness. Primary care, where many individuals with PTSD first seek mental health care, is an ideal early intervention setting in which to facilitate improved social support for individuals with PTSD. This open pilot trial explored the primary (feasibility, acceptability) and secondary (e.g., PTSD, depression symptoms, social impairment, social support, and social connectedness) outcomes of a novel primary care-based, brief psychotherapy for adults with PTSD and poor social support, called behavioral activation and social engagement for PTSD (BASE for PTSD). Participants (N = 19) completed quantitative assessments at four time points and qualitative interviews following treatment. Interviews indicated that participants found the intervention acceptable, with most describing improvements in their social support and engagement with valued goals and decreased PTSD symptoms. Areas for future iterative refinements were identified. Linear mixed models showed decreases in social impairment, symptoms of PTSD and symptoms of depression, and increases in social connection and social support. Results of this preliminary study of BASE for PTSD suggest it shows promise as a primary care-based psychotherapy for adults with PTSD and poor social support.