Abstract
This research focused on analyzing the behavior of the hourly average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in relation to vehicular traffic, as well as the effect of relative humidity on these concentrations. Measurements of hourly particulate matter concentrations were recorded by the National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru (SENAMHI) at five surface air quality stations. The profiles of PM10 concentrations are related to traffic behavior, showing high levels of concentrations at peak hours, while the PM2.5 profiles are flatter and better related to traffic in February (summer). The decrease in relative humidity between 80 to 65% in the mornings has a greater effect on the increase in PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in February than in July (winter), and the increase in relative humidity between 65 to 80 % in the afternoon, it has a greater effect on the decrease in the concentration of PM2.5 in February than in July. The air quality in the north (PPD and CRB stations) and east (SJL station) of the Metropolitan Area of Lima (MAL) are the most polluted. The factors that relate PM10 concentrations with the Peruvian standard in February at these stations were 2.79, 1.78 and 1.26, and in July 2.74, 1.28 and 1.36 respectively. The highest and lowest variability of PM10 and PM2.5 in February and July occurred in the northern area (PPD and SMP stations).
Highlights
Sixty-six percent of the cars nowadays in Peru, circulate in the Metropolitan Area of Lima and Callao, and some of the Manuscript received August 17, 2020; revised April 1, 2021
The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of the concentration profiles of the hourly average values of PM10 and PM2.5, as well as their variabilities in the Metropolitan Area of Lima (MAL) with the information measured by SENAMHI at five air quality stations during the months of February and July
Average PM2.5 values were higher in all seasons in winter than in summer in 33.01%, 34.62%, 53.06%, 49.40% and 54.74% respectively
Summary
Sixty-six percent of the cars nowadays in Peru, circulate in the Metropolitan Area of Lima and Callao, and some of the Manuscript received August 17, 2020; revised April 1, 2021. Types of vehicles are automobiles, station wagons, pickups, rural cars, buses, removers, trailers, and semi-trailer. In 2016, 1,752, 919 vehicles were registered in Lima [1]. This number of vehicles are undoubtedly generate of air pollution. Particles with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and smaller than 10 μm (PM10) are dangerous for human health [2]-[6]. They can penetrate and lodge deep inside the lungs
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