Abstract
The climate changes in Murfatlar vineyard in recent years consist inthe increase ofmonthly average temperatures, recorded in both cold and warm seasons, accompanied by an irregular distribution of rainfall during the year, which significantly influences the growth of grapevine, the quality and production of grapes.Six representative cultivars were studied, three for white wines: Chardonnay, Columna and Muscat Ottonel and three for red wines: Fetească Neagră, Mamaia and Cabernet Sauvignon. In the last two years (2019-2020) warm winters and very dry summers have led to the onset of budburst, almost simultaneously for all the studied cultivars, followed by a very weak growth and development of shoots (2020) and an acceleration development of phenophases, mainly berween veraison and ripening. Water stress during the vegetative period, a hygroscopicity below 60% between July and August and low vegetative apparatus influenced the growth ofthe berries, resulting small grapes, and a very low must yield in 2020.Concerning the quality of grape production, the studied cultivars achieved more sugar concentrations in berries up to 35.8 g/L (in 2019) and 36.0 g/L (in 2020), higher than the values obtained in normal years. In the conditions of a pronounced dry climate manifested in the two years of study, the productions were below the normal level, especialy in 2020, achieving much diminished productions for all cultivars, except the Mamaia cultivar. The Mamaia cultivar had a positive reaction, registering an increase of production, that exceeded the multiannual value by 20% in 2020 andby 10% in 2019, the concentration of sugars in the must being above the average value obtained in normal years, exceeding by 3% and 9%, respectively, the multiannual average. Statistical calculations were done using SPSS Statistics 17.0, using mainly the Duncan test for a degree of significance of 5%.
Highlights
Climate changes in recent times had led to an increase in the average annual temperature, based mainly on average monthly values in winter and summer, a decrease in rainfall, much lower in summer, and an increase in the frequency of very drought years
To describe the reaction of vine cultivars to climatic factors specific to the wine year and to the local area, between November 1, 2018 and October 30, 2020, observations were made on the succession of vegetative phenophases, using 3 grape cultivars for white wines and 3 for red wines, representative for the Murfatlar viticultural center: Columna, Muscat Ottonel, Chardonnay, respectively Mamaia, Fetească Neagră and Cabernet Sauvignon
- The special climatic conditions manifested during the period of rest and active vegetation of the vine influenced in a strong manner the vegetative phenophases, the growth and development of shoots, productivity and quality of production. - The cultivars studied in 2020 registered an irregular start in vegetation, influencing the growth and development of the vegetative apparatus, and the fertility and productivity of the trunks. - The small amount of precipitation and the relative humidity of the air, with values below 60% (51-53%), directly influenced the growth and development of the berries, obtaining small grapes, not specific to the studied cultivars and a must yield below the average multiannual value, by 4% in 2019 and 19.0%in 2020. - From the point of view of the quality of grape production, the studied cultivars achieved concentrations in sugars above the average of 2014-2018
Summary
Climate changes in recent times had led to an increase in the average annual temperature, based mainly on average monthly values in winter and summer, a decrease in rainfall, much lower in summer, and an increase in the frequency of very drought years. All these changes lead to a rapid development of vegetative phenophases (Cichi, 2006; Dejeu et al, 2008) leading to a shortening of the period of development and maturation of grapes and a low productivity in vineyards. The choice of vine cultivars with increased adaptability to abiotic stress along with the improvement of cultivation technology is the most efficient way to ensure a constant and quality wine production
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