Abstract
The use of geostatistical methods in the identification of the size and structure of the spatial variability of soil chemical attributes has been a very important tool in the evaluation and behavior of soil attributes. This research aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of chemical attributes in natural field and forest areas, in the Humaitá region (AM). In these areas, meshes with dimensions of 70 m x 70 m were established at regular intervals of 10 minutes in the 0.0-0.2 m layers, totaling 64 samples per layer. It was determined: soil pH, phosphorus (P), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), aluminum (Al3+) and potential acidity (H++Al3+). Base saturation (V%) and sum of bases (SB) were calculated. The data were evaluated by descriptive statistics and spatial dependence analysis, based on the best models and semivariograms adjustment. The chemical attributes are spatially dependent, they present random distribution of ideal sample spacing, considering that the variables that showed dependence were adjusted to the exponential and spherical model. Geostatistic was presented as an appropriate tool, providing information that allows the understanding of the spatial distribution. The degree of dependence was strong and moderate. The highest reaches were recorded in the natural field area.
Highlights
Something important about the Amazonian biome highlighted by Melo et al (2017) is the question of biodiversity where the fauna, flora and other resources available its ecosystem, including the soil, are involved
Considering that the most common environments present in the southern Amazon are of natural field and forest, two contiguous areas were chosen, with the presence of a natural field and forest, in which the soils are classified as Cambissolo Háplico and Argissolo Vermelho (Campos et al, 2012)
According to Lima et al (2014), values close to average and median, meet the normality conditions, that is, the values are not dominated by atypical values of distribution and are more suitable for use of geostatistics
Summary
Something important about the Amazonian biome highlighted by Melo et al (2017) is the question of biodiversity where the fauna, flora and other resources available its ecosystem, including the soil, are involved. Among the characteristics of the soil of this region included soils with high degree of weathered, with predominance of the classes of Oxisols They have high aluminum (Al3+) content, but not in toxic quantities for plants, as well as high acidity, low capacity cation exchange (CCE), and these factors influence directly to their low fertility (Campos et al, 2004). The use of geostatistics implies the definition of a sampling plan, defining the number and spacing of the sampling points to be collected In the literature, this definition varies widely, according to Bottega et al (2013), Dalchiavon et al (2016), Araújo et al (2017) and Carvalho et al (2018)
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