Abstract
Sethoxydim is an acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor that changed the shape of the chlorophyll fluorescence curve (kautsky curve) in wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu.) in greenhouse experiment. This experiment was conducted as completely randomized factorial design with three replications at the College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, during 2012. Results of this study revealed that sethoxydim only and plus emulsifiable turnip oil changed the shape of the chlorophyll fluorescence curve (kautsky curve) 7 days after spraying. Sethoxydim plus emulsifiable turnip oil changed the shape of the kautsky curve more than for sethoxydim only. We found that in our study the fv/fm (maximum quantum efficiency) was closely linked to the fresh and dry weight dose-response. Sethoxydim plus emulsifiable turnip oil proved more rapidly effect on fv/fm in comparison with sethoxydim only. The fresh and dry weight dose-response relationship with fv/fm showed a similar behavior. This study revealed a good relation between fresh and dry weight according with values of 28 DAS and fv/fm 7 DAS. In general, the findings of this study revealed that Fv/Fm is a good parameter for evaluating effect of sethoxydim little time after spraying. Also, this research showed that 4 folds more time for classical screening methods comparing to chlorophyll fluorescence method. Thereupon, classical screening methods may be replaced by chlorophyll fluorescence method in future.
Highlights
Among the most harmful weeds in the world (18 species), 10 species that belongs to Poaceae family
Dose-response study The results from this research revealed that when sethoxydim was combined with emulsifiable turnip oil, wild oat control was considerably increased
The results indicated that emulsifiable turnip oil has potency in enhancing the foliage activity and reducing biomass wild oat of sethoxydim
Summary
Among the most harmful weeds in the world (18 species), 10 species that belongs to Poaceae family. Sethoxydim is a selective post emergence and foliarabsorbed herbicide that belongs to aryloxy phenoxy propionate (AOPP) group that was registered for numerous broad-leaved crops including cotton, soybean, canola, alfalfa, sunflower, sugar beet, tobacco, ornamental trees, shrubs, flowers and ground cover (Senseman, 2007) It inhibits the enzyme acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase and disrupts fatty acid biosynthesis in grasses such as wild oat (Avena fatua L. and Avena ludoviciana Durieu.), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), downybrome (Bromus tectorum), quackgrass (Elytrigia repens), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and witchgrass (Panicum spp.) (Basf, 2000; Senseman, 2007) but dicotyledonous species are not sensitive to sethoxydim and it doesn't have effect on broadleaf herbs and crops. For example various modes of actions (Christensen et al, 2003). Barbagallo et al (2003) showed change in chlorophyll The goals of this study were to assess the effect of fluorescence parameters in Mousear Cress (Arabidopsis sethoxydim and sethoxydim plus turnip oil on the shape of thaliana) seedlings by asulam, bifenox, 2,4-D, glyphosate, the kautsky curve in wild oat and related parameters
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