Abstract
Despite the progress in understanding heavy metals behavior during coal combustion, mitigation of heavy metals emissions is still a tough challenge due to a complex character of this phenomenon. Several lists of potentially toxic elements have been presented; in most cases, Pb belongs to the elements with the greatest environmental and human-health concern. The review paper is focused upon the behavior of Pb during coal combustion. with particular attention paid to decreasing its emissions. It summarizes the dominant parameters affecting its redistribution among coal combustion streams. As gaseous emissions can quite easily pass through the particulate control device, attention was paid primarily to Pb distribution between condensed and volatilized phases. A crucial factor enhancing Pb volatility is the presence of organic or inorganic chlorides, which is discussed in detail, including their chlorination mechanisms and interactions with other fuel/flue gas species. Components decreasing Pb volatility and promoting the formation of condensed phases are also discussed (higher levels of moisture, Na, O2 etc.). Factors enhancing Pb volatility, as well as factors facilitating Pb retention, are discussed with the view of fluidized-bed combustion, pulverized-fuel combustion, or co-combustion of coal with wastes.
Highlights
According to the World Coal Association [1], coal will continue to play an essential role in meeting global energy needs—more than one third of the electricity production will be covered by coal in the coming decades [1]
Technologies are available for coal cleaning prior to combustion [7], for the retention of ash particles [8], for an abatement of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, etc
The review paper is focused upon the behavior of Pb during coal combustion, with particular attention paid on decreasing its emissions
Summary
According to the World Coal Association [1], coal will continue to play an essential role in meeting global energy needs—more than one third of the electricity production will be covered by coal in the coming decades [1]. Since coal is a significant source of major, minor and trace elements, coal combustion in power stations still remains significant with respect to environmental and human-health concerns. Significant progress was achieved during the last decades in meeting the challenges associated with air emissions during coal combustion. Environmental concern relates to other heavy metals (HMs) being potentially released from power stations and exhibiting harmful effects on human health. The review paper is focused upon the behavior of Pb during coal combustion, with particular attention paid on decreasing its emissions. It summarizes and discusses the dominant parameters affecting its redistribution among coal combustion streams, and namely between condensed and volatilized phases
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