Abstract
The characterization analysis of three agro-industrial wastes was performed in order to study its thermal gasification. Some analyses such as determination of Ca, K and Mg concentration and determination of three representative toxic metals concentration Cd, Cr and Pb in all its oxidation states and the fundamental state, were carried out. The heavy metals concentration was also determined in the ashes obtained during the gasification process. The mobility of these elements was studied through three leaching tests. The behavior of heavy metals, sulfur and chlorine compounds, was predicted considering the presence of water vapor, syngas, Ca, Mg, K, Si, Al and other ash components. The heavy metals are not more concentrated in the gasification ash; these pollutants are released during this process. Ca, Mg and K presence in these residues would promote the pollutants retention. The ash of the studied waste can be disposed in controlled landfills or used in road construction, according to the obtained results during the leaching test DIN-DEV S4. The obtained results in the leaching test EPA 1311 TLCP classify these gasification ashes as no toxic waste.
Highlights
The agro-industrial sector produces a significant environmental impact in specific geographical areas, due to generated waste, such as the Cuyo Region, Argentina
According to Kurkela et al [11] (2006), for feeds with high alkali content, low gasification temperatures (T = 750 ̊C - 850 ̊C) and the steam addition are recommended to prevent the agglomeration in the fluidized reactor
The highest ash and water content were found in the stalk
Summary
The agro-industrial sector produces a significant environmental impact in specific geographical areas, due to generated waste, such as the Cuyo Region, Argentina. During the 2011 harvest, 690,000 tons were used to produce wine, generating nearly 200,000 kg of stalks without considering other solid wastes, such as marcs and wine dregs. Considering the heavy metals, they are enriched in the solid waste of gasification (fly ash and bottom), and they are released in the gas stream or tar. The ash disposal conditions as well as their reuse are established by the trace elements concentration and their mobility [8] In view of these aspects, the heavy metals behavior during agro-industrial waste gasification, their mobility out the ash matrix and the toxicity determination of generated solid waste during this process were studied
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