Behavior and fate of chlorpyrifos introduced into soil–crop systems by irrigation

Abstract

The effect of chlorpyrifos added in irrigation water to a red soil from Central South China on the growth of wheat and oilseed rape seedlings, together with its uptake, was studied in a pot experiment. Addition of chlorpyrifos (1–10 μg g −1) in a single irrigation with distilled water resulted in absorption of chlorpyrifos by wheat (0.257–4.50 μg g −1) and also oilseed rape seedlings (0.249–2.02 μg g −1) during 20 d of plant growth. An initial concentration of chlorpyrifos in soil that is equivalent to or below 10 μg g −1 did not significantly influence the growth of wheat seedlings. Similarly, an initial concentration equivalent to or below 5 μg g −1 did not significantly influence the growth of oilseed rape seedlings. The degradation rate of chlorpyrifos was 1.4–4.2 times larger in oilseed rape rhizosphere soil than in unvegetated soil. The numbers of bacteria and fungi in oilseed rape rhizosphere soil were 3.18 times and 1.84 times larger, respectively, than those in unvegetated soil. This helps to explain the difference in degradation rates obtained.