Abstract
ABSTRACT A laboratory experimental program was conducted in which the aims were to investigate quantitatively the factors which influence the effectiveness of chemical dispersants (1) when applied to oil under various open sea conditions, and (2) in modifying the behavior of oil advancing on a shoreline. Open sea conditions were simulated in a previously-devised dispersant effectiveness test apparatus. The effectiveness of a dispersant was shown to be profoundly influenced by turbulence level. An approach also was made to relating the turbulence level in the apparatus to natural environmental conditions. A simulated shoreline, impacted by waves from a wave generator, was used to examine the behavior of crude oil and No. 6 fuel oil on the shorelines with and without dispersant additions. Wave action caused sand beaches to “filter” dispersed oil from the water column, resulting in enhanced, but possibly reversible, oil penetration. Larger oil particles were observed to capture sand particles and sink. Implications of the results are that in many situations the use of dispersants on oil advancing on shores or even on the shoreline itself could prove advantageous.
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