Beetroot Improves the Therapeutic Efficacy of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preventing Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats

Abstract

Nephrotoxicity is the most prevalent side effect of the anticancer drug cisplatin (Cis). This study aimed to assess the influence of beetroot (Br) or/ and BM-MSCs on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. Fifty adult male rats were separated to, Group 1: control. Group 2: Received Cis (7mg/kg b.wt.) once a week for two weeks. Group 3: Rats were given Cis then Br (500m/kg b.wt) daily for four weeks. Group 4: Rats received Cis then injected with a total dose of BM-MSCs (1×106 cell). Group 5: Rats received both Br and BM-MSCs after Cis administration. The results confirmed that Cis raised creatinine, UA, BUN, urea, and MDA while decreasing GSH and catalase. Anti-apoptotic BCL2, EGF, and VEGF levels were reduced. Multiple damages were discovered during the histopathological and histochemical studies of renal tissue. TUNEL and TNF-α expression increased, but PCNA and IL-10 expression decreased in the immunohistochemical investigation. BR or/and BM-MSCs treatment improved biochemical studies in renal tissue besides histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical studies. The present findings suggested that BR and BM-MSCs significantly impact the kidney's architecture and functional performance.