Beef Production in the Southwestern United States: Strategies Toward Sustainability

Sheri Spiegal,Mark Musumba,David W Archer,Robert Paulin,Brandon T Bestelmeyer,Ann M Marshall,Matthew Redd,C Alan Rotz,Huiping Cao,Richard E Estell,Jean L Steiner,Rhonda Miller,Kristy K Ehlers,Cindy Tolle,Matthew M Mcintosh,David I Mccracken,Laura E Boucheron,Brent W Auvermann,Sara E Place ,Alfredo González ,J Holland ,G C Duff ,Emile Elias ,Daniel L Devlin ,Craig A Gifford ,J S Jennings ,Andrés F Cibils ,Andrew Cox ,Stephanie Bestelmeyer ,A Waterhouse

doi:10.3389/fsufs.2020.00114

Abstract

From grazing lands to meat packing, beef production systems in the United States are increasingly expected to meet new global demand without compromising environmental quality. These challenges and opportunities are manifest in the American Southwest and Ogallala Aquifer region, neighboring regions connected ecologically and socially through beef production. Each year most calves raised on extensive, arid Southwestern pastures are exported to the Ogallala Aquifer region for finishing on grains from the American Upper Midwest. Intensifying changes in climate, vegetation, and human demographics threaten the sustainability of the system. Heritage cattle genetics, precision ranching, and range finishing on Southwestern rangelands are three promising strategies for improving sustainability. However, major knowledge gaps exist. Desirable landscape use by Raramuri Criollo, a heritage cattle type, has been identified in several arid rangeland settings, but little is known about their performance in conventional feedyards. While precision agriculture is already prevalent in croplands, less is known about how these technologies can be cost effective in arid rangelands. Moreover, many perceive range finishing as environmentally friendly, but tradeoffs of greenhouse gases, increased rangeland use, and disruption of Ogallala Aquifer cattle feeding systems must be assessed. Here we introduce a new USDA-NIFA Coordinated Agricultural Project designed to fill these knowledge gaps and advance sustainability. With a boundary-spanning approach of education, participatory research, and extension, the project is identifying tradeoffs of the three strategies with explicit attention to pericoupling of the two adjacent regions and full consideration of the coupled ecological and social systems across those regions.

Highlights

Humans have used livestock grazing to adapt to arid landscapes for millennia (Clutton-Brock, 1989), but as livestock production has become embedded in a complex transnational meat supply chain, new strategies are needed to ensure sustainable production into the future
Weaned calves: Half of the calves weaned on Southwestern ranches are exported to the Ogallala Aquifer region for grain finishing, a quarter are exported to the Northern Plains for grass finishing, and a quarter are retained in the Southwest for grass finishing
To understand more about the potential for adoption of the strategies under investigation, during the past year, knowledge co-production/extension partners in the Sustainable Southwest Beef CAP – from New Mexico State University, the USDA Southwest Climate Hub, and Texas A&M AgriLife – engaged with producers from the Southwest and the regions pericoupled to the Southwest through beef production

Summary

Introduction

Humans have used livestock grazing to adapt to arid landscapes for millennia (Clutton-Brock, 1989), but as livestock production has become embedded in a complex transnational meat supply chain, new strategies are needed to ensure sustainable production into the future. During the past year of engaging with Southwestern producers who grass finish cattle, we have come to identify two main approaches: (1) finishing locally on arid ranches, and (2) exporting weaned calves to the Northern Plains4

Objectives

Results

Conclusion