Abstract
Pollen contains nutritional elements – carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, trace elements. The pollen contains also important amount of polyphenolic compounds, primarily antioxidants. Because the pollen is rich in nutrients, honeybee-collected pollen is recommended as a dietary supplement. The product can be used as dietary supplements to enrich food with valuable nutrients performing important functions in the human body. Pollen is a bee product affected by contaminants of various origins. In addition to important nutrients, it may also contain heavy metals that are harmful to human health. May be contaminated from air and soil by heavy metals and pesticides.
Highlights
The pollen gathered by honey bees (Apis mellifera) is considered like a potential source of energy for human nutrition
This review aims to present significant knowledge about pollen and analyze selected nutritional and toxicological aspects of bee pollen
In the world marked the bee pollen is mostly used as food supplement in the form of capsules, granules, tinctures, tonics, cereal bars, sweets etc
Summary
The pollen gathered by honey bees (Apis mellifera) is considered like a potential source of energy for human nutrition. Pollen contains nutritional elements like carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, minerals and trace elements (Serra Bonvehí and Escolá Jordá, 1997) Apart from this the pollen contains important amount of polyphenolic compounds, primarily antioxidants (Almeida-Muradian et al, 2005). B) fermented, named “bee bread”, which was hydrolysed by non-reducing sugars and fermented by lactic acid in combs This pollen is the most valuable in human nutrition. On other hand bee pollen missed some important elements e.g. enzymes, in comparison with fermented pollen, but its nutritional value is still very high This deficiency can be complete by its consumption in honey (Žitňanský, 1996). Bee workers form pollen loads on the third pair of legs (corbiculas) They form them from thousand pollen grains which are put together with nectar and glands secretions. The bee pollen in comparison with flower pollen is sweeter and acquire other valuable features (Chlebo and Čermáková, 2001)
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