Abstract
One of the central questions in second language processing studies is whether native (L1) and second language (L2) readers process sentences relying on the same mechanisms or there are qualitative differences. As their proficiency grows, L2 readers become more efficient, but it is difficult to determine whether they develop native-like mechanisms or rely on different strategies. Our study contributes to this debate by focusing on constructions that were demonstrated to cause characteristic problems in L1 processing: a particular type of case errors in Russian was taken as an example. We investigated how beginner and intermediate learners of Russian process such errors, measuring reading times and grammaticality judgment accuracy. At the beginner level, we found non-native-like patterns both in online and in offline measures. But at the intermediate level, native-like problems emerged in offline measures. In our view, this is a strong indication that these readers are using the same underlying mechanisms as in L1 processing. In online measures, L2 readers at both levels were, in general, much slower than native participants and exhibited characteristic non-native-like patterns, which we explained by delayed morphosyntactic processing. We conclude that our results are compatible with approaches, assuming that the mechanisms for L1 and advanced L2 processing are the same, but L2 processing is more cognitively demanding and therefore slower.
Highlights
In studies of second language (L2) processing, the central question is whether the mechanisms and strategies it relies on are essentially the same as in the native language (L1) or there are qualitative differences
We suggested that this question may be addressed by focusing on processing problems characteristic of native speakers
Slioussar and Cherepovskaia (2014, 2021) demonstrated that the native speakers of Russian were likely to miss particular case errors in the context of a morphologically ambiguous adjective. This was evident in wordby-word reading time (RT) and in grammaticality judgment (GJ), both in online and offline measures
Summary
In studies of second language (L2) processing, the central question is whether the mechanisms and strategies it relies on are essentially the same as in the native language (L1) or there are qualitative differences. The answer to this question remains elusive: the obvious problems at the early stages of L2 acquisition might have different sources, and when performance subsequently improves and becomes more native-like, non-native-like strategies might underlie this achievement. One type of processing problem that is extensively discussed in the experimental literature is grammaticality illusions This term is used to describe the situation when a certain type of grammatical error is difficult to detect. We selected a variety of case errors in Russian that were shown to give rise to grammaticality illusions (Slioussar and Cherepovskaia, 2014, 2021)
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