Beam-Pumping Operations: Problem Solving and Technology Advancements

Abstract

Distinguished Author Series articles are general, descriptive representations that summarize the state of the art in an area of technology by describing recent developments for readers who are not specialists in the topics discussed. Written by individuals recognized as experts in the area, these articles provide key references to more definitive work and present specific details only to illustrate the technology. Purpose: to inform the general readership of recent advances in various areas of petroleum engineering.Summary. Beam pumping is the most used, on-land artificial-lift method for petroleum production applications and has been since oil was discovered. Applications cover the full gamut of well types, including oil, water, and gas at depths from shallow to very deep, producing rates and volumes from low to high, viscous oil production, and dewatering-gas and coal bed-methane wells. Although beam pumping has become the "standard" lift method for on-land wells, the best engineering and operating practices still need to be followed to ensure cost-effective return on investment. When these best practices are not followed, continued operating problems, equipment failures, low efficiencies, and high operating costs often result. This paper presents some of the typical beam-pump engineering and operating practices that should be considered to obtain the most cost-effective operation over the life of the installation. Additionally, recent industry developments that are related to these practices are discussed.Introduction. The selection of any artificial-lift method for an application depends on a variety of parameters that must be considered over the full life cycle of the installation to select the "best" lift choice. Ref. 1 discusses the selection procedure and parameters. This paper continues the discussion of the beam-pumping method that should be regarded as the standard lift technique and the first consideration for any on land production operation.Beam pumping has the advantage of having wide exposure and its operation being known by many people around the world. Although this method has many benefits and practical applications, it should not be used for all producing operations. The practical operating range for beam pumping depends on many factors. There are some operating situations where an alternative lift method is being considered because beam pumps are having too many problems. On closer examination, what is often found is that the correct beam pump technology and best practices have not been used properly.