Abstract
The oversized backward wave oscillator (BWO) can significantly decreases the internal rf electric field in the device. The beam-loaded effect is obvious in such devices and its performance is also significantly affected. Based on the characteristics of the oversized BWO, a self-consistent equation is developed to study its beam-loaded frequency shift together with particle in cell (PIC) simulations. The mechanism whereby the output rf frequency is affected by the beam's parameters and the device's structure is theoretically studied. The frequency's dependence on the drift tube length between the reflector and SWS (slow wave structures) in the device is deduced in the paper and the theoretical results agree with those obtained in PIC simulations.
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