Abstract
B21 is a small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) beamline with a bending magnet source in the 3 GeV storage ring at the Diamond Light Source Ltd synchrotron in the UK. The beamline utilizes a double multi-layer monochromator and a toroidal focusing optic to deliver 2 × 1012 photons per second to a 34 × 40 µm (FWHM) focal spot at the in-vacuum Eiger 4M (Dectris) detector. A high-performance liquid chromatography system and a liquid-handling robot make it possible to load solution samples into a temperature-controlled in-vacuum sample cell with a high level of automation. Alternatively, a range of viscous or solid materials may be loaded manually using a range of custom sample cells. A default scattering vector range from 0.0026 to 0.34 Å-1 and low instrument background make B21 convenient for measuring a wide range of biological macromolecules. The beamline has run a full user programme since 2013.
Highlights
The bending magnet small-angle X-ray scattering beamline B21 at Diamond Light Source is designed to facilitate measurement of scattering data from solution samples
Concentrations in the range 1–10 mg mlÀ1 are recommended for protein samples in SEC-small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) mode, albeit dependent on the molecular weight of the particles under study
As the X-ray beam enters the beamline, it will encounter three reflective surfaces due to the monochromator and mirror, four sets of slits, a silicon nitride window that separates ultra-high from low-vacuum regions, and the beamstop
Summary
The bending magnet small-angle X-ray scattering beamline B21 at Diamond Light Source is designed to facilitate measurement of scattering data from solution samples. The beamline is most commonly in a default configuration with a beam energy of 13 keV, a sample-to-detector distance of 3.7 m and an in-vacuum sample cell to which solution samples are delivered by either a liquid-handling platform or an in-line high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. This simple geometry has been shown to be optimal for low-background X-ray scattering beamlines (Kirby et al, 2013). The beamstop assembly provides limited translational motions, and yaw and pitch controls for fine tuning of the orientation of the beamstop
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