Abstract
BackgroundAmyloid deposits in the temporal and frontal lobes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease make them potential targets to aid in early diagnosis. Recently, spectral small-angle X-ray scattering techniques have been proposed for interrogating deep targets such as amyloid plaques.ResultsWe describe an optimization approach for the orientation of beams for deep target characterization. The model predicts the main features of scattering profiles from targets with varying shape, size and location. We found that increasing target size introduced additional smearing due to location uncertainty, and incidence angle affected the scattering profile by altering the path length or effective target size. For temporal and frontal lobe targets, beam effectiveness varied up to 2 orders of magnitude.ConclusionsBeam orientation optimization might allow for patient-specific optimal paths for improved signal characterization.
Highlights
Amyloid deposits in the temporal and frontal lobes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease make them potential targets to aid in early diagnosis
The ability to interrogate a deep target from different X-ray incidence angles can sometimes allow for a reduction in attenuation from object size provided the target is not located at the center of the object
The path length through a sphere can be calculated using the chord length formula for a circle, d = 2Rosin(C/2), where d is the path length, Ro is the radius of the object, and C is the angle subtended at the center of the sphere by the entry and exit points of the X-ray beam
Summary
Amyloid deposits in the temporal and frontal lobes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease make them potential targets to aid in early diagnosis. Spectral small-angle X-ray scattering techniques have been proposed for interrogating deep targets such as amyloid plaques. Conclusions: Beam orientation optimization might allow for patient-specific optimal paths for improved signal characterization. Beam orientation optimization has been used in X-ray procedures, including intensitymodulated radiation therapy for cancer patients and C-arm imaging. Beam orientation for small-angle, X-ray scattering (SAXS) in the human head would be advantageous because of its potential applications in detection of amyloid plaques in the brain as an aid in the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We assess the feasibility of optimizing beam orientation to obtain useful SAXS signals from regions of preclinical amyloid deposition in the human brain
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