Abstract
Two-beam accelerators (TBAs) have been proposed as efficient power sources for next generation high-energy linear colliders. Studies have demonstrated the possibility of building TBAs from $X$-band $\(\ensuremath{\sim}8--12\mathrm{GHz}\)$ through Ka-band $\(\ensuremath{\sim}30--35\mathrm{GHz}\)$ frequency regions. The relativistic klystron two-beam accelerator project, whose aim is to study TBAs based upon extended relativistic klystrons, is described, and a new simulation code is used to design the latter portions of the experiment. Detailed, self-consistent calculations of the beam dynamics and of the rf cavity output are presented and discussed together with a beam line design that will generate nearly 1.2 GW of power from 40 rf cavities over a 10 m distance. The simulations show that beam current losses are acceptable and that longitudinal and transverse focusing techniques are sufficiently capable of maintaining a high degree of beam quality along the entire beam line.
Highlights
Two-beam accelerators (TBAs) based upon free-electron lasers (FELs) or relativistic klystrons (RK-TBAs) have been proposed as efficient power sources for generation high-energy linear colliders
Studies have demonstrated the possibility of building RK-TBAs in the X-bandϳ8 12 GHz [1,2] and FEL-TBAs in the Ka-bandϳ30 35 GHzfrequency regions [3,4,5]
Previous work [6] has shown that considerable microwave power can be developed in a relativistic klystron amplifier (RKA) configuration
Summary
Two-beam accelerators (TBAs) based upon free-electron lasers (FELs) or relativistic klystrons (RK-TBAs) have been proposed as efficient power sources for generation high-energy linear colliders. Increasing the beam’s energy spread induces rapid betatron phase mixing which effectively cancels the effects of the low-frequency mode, and adjusting the focusing lattice to place the rf output structures at half-integral betatron wavelength separation can reduce the growth in transverse BBU from exponential to linear This linear growth will eventually limit the length of the device, placing a cap on achievable efficiency. Previous experiments conducted at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) examined the use of longitudinal (velocity) modulation [14] and transverse (chopping) modulation [15] techniques to generate a bunched beam which powered a number of different rf output structures These early relativistic klystron experiments demonstrated that hundreds of megawatts of peak power could be generated over many tens of nanoseconds pulse duration, with phase stability sufficient to drive high-gradient accelerating structures.
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