Abstract
Low-energetic ion and antimatter beams are very attractive for a number of fundamental studies. The diagnostics of such beams, however, is a challenge due to low currents down to only a few thousands of particles per second and significant fraction of energy loss in matter at keV beam energies. A modular set of particle detectors has been developed to suit the particular beam diagnostic needs of the ultralow-energy storage ring (USR) at the future facility for low-energy antiproton and ion research, accommodating very low beam intensities at energies down to 20 keV. The detectors include beam-profile monitors based on scintillating screens and secondary electron emission, sensitive Faraday cups for absolute intensity measurements, and capacitive pickups for beam position monitoring. In this paper, the design of all detectors is presented in detail and results from beam measurements are shown. The resolution limits of all detectors are described and options for further improvement summarized. Whilst initially developed for the USR, the instrumentation described in this paper is also well suited for use in other low-intensity, low-energy accelerators, storage rings, and beam lines.
Highlights
A next-generation facility for low-energy antiproton and ion research (FLAIR) will provide world-wide unique conditions for experiments with cooled low-energy antiprotons [1]
It was demonstrated that cesium iodide doped with thallium (CsI:Tl) and a terbiumdoped glass scintillating fiber optic plate (SFOP) are sensitive enough to be applied to proton beam diagnostics at the ultralow-energy storage ring (USR)
The results demonstrate that DC beam currents as low as a few femtoamperes can by measured by the Faraday cup designed for the USR
Summary
A next-generation facility for low-energy antiproton and ion research (FLAIR) will provide world-wide unique conditions for experiments with cooled low-energy antiprotons [1]. The ring was designed to offer a wide range of beam configurations, ranging from very short pulses in the nanosecond regime to a quasi-DC beam It features a combined fast and slow extraction scheme that can provide external experiments with cooled beams of various time structures. 107 protons or antiprotons circulating in the ring correspond to a few hundred nanoamperes, well below the detection limits of standard beam-current transformers used in highenergy accelerators [8]. Beam energy Relativistic 1⁄4 v=c Revolution frequency Revolution time Number of particles (space charge limit) Bunch length Beam diameter Effective in-ring antiproton rates Average rates of extracted antiprotons. All monitors were optimized for the USR, their use stretches well beyond this particular machine and they are suited for other low-energy storage rings and beam lines as well
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