Beam- and Band-Width Broadening of Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces Using Elliptical Phase Distribution

Abstract

Reflectarray surfaces (RASs) can be useful as passive repeaters or intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) in communication networks by providing nonspecular reflection of an incident wave. To provide adequate signal at a given location, the radar cross section (RCS), and therefore physical size, of the RAS needs to be maximized. This inevitably reduces the beamwidth and bandwidth of the RCS pattern, severely limiting their practical implementation. This article considers a shaped reflector profiled as a truncated ellipse that can give a widened “equi-ripple” beam that addresses these problems. It is shown that by careful selection of the phase profile, the beamwidth can be expanded by a factor of 3.5 (or even 7.5 if lower roll-off in the RCS pattern is allowed) with a corresponding increase in the useable bandwidth. The tradeoff is a reduction in the peak RCS. By increasing the physical size of the reflector, this loss of RCS can be compensated for, still resulting in at least 1.8 times the beamwidth of a flat reflector. The shaped reflector can be realized as an RAS using a closed-form expression. A typical design at 28 GHz is considered. In principle a 22 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times22$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.4\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> spaced array offers illumination from 40° to 50° over 26–32 GHz, considerably better than the unshaped beam.