BD-D1Sec: Protocol of security authentication for BeiDou D1 civil navigation message based on certificateless signature

Abstract

The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) lacks a security authentication mechanism for BeiDou civil navigation message (BD-CNAV), which faces the threat of information spoofing attacks that may cause errors in positioning and timing information. This paper focuses on the security authentication of BeiDou D1 civil navigation message (BD-D1-CNAV) in BD-CNAV, trying to design a security authentication protocol from the perspective of information authentication. Hence, a protocol of security authentication for BD-D1-CNAV based on certificateless signature is proposed, called as BD-D1Sec protocol. For the purpose of anti-spoofing attacks on BD-D1-CNAV, BD-D1Sec protocol inserts a certificateless signature into the transmission process of BD-D1-CNAV to guarantee the integrity and authenticity of BD-D1-CNAV information without requiring certificate management, which will not reduce the availability of BD-D1-CNAV information. The simulation results show that BD-D1Sec protocol has good authentication and timeliness, a strong ability to resist spoofing attack against BD-D1-CNAV, and has the advantages of low computational complexity and communication cost.