Abstract

We study the explicit formula (suggested by Gamayun, Iorgov and Lisovyy) for the Painlevé III(D8) τ function in terms of Virasoro conformal blocks with a central charge of 1. The Painlevé equation has two types of bilinear forms, which we call Toda-like and Okamoto-like. We obtain these equations from the representation theory using an embedding of the direct sum of two Virasoro algebras in a certain superalgebra. These two types of bilinear forms correspond to the Neveu–Schwarz sector and the Ramond sector of this algebra. We also obtain the τ functions of the algebraic solutions of the Painlevé III(D8) from the special representations of the Virasoro algebra of the highest weight (n + 1/4)2.

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