Abstract
While coastal zones are normally measured from the low‐water mark, straight baselines can be established in the cases of deeply indented coastlines and fringes of islands, bays (either juridical or historical), and mouths of rivers. The article discusses in general terms the legal conditions for establishing such baselines and reviews the practice of the relevant South American states. The national practices examined are those of Colombia, Ecuador, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, the United Kingdom (for the contested islands of Falklands and South Georgia), France (for French Guyana), and Venezuela.
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