Abstract
Background: There are limited psychometric reports of construct validity following adaptation of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3 rd edition (Bayley III). This paper aims to demonstrate a process of assessing reliability, validity, and gender equivalence of the adapted tool for Vietnamese children. Methods: We evaluated cognitive, fine motor, gross motor, expressive communication and receptive communication subtests of the adapted tool in 267 healthy urban Vietnamese children. Subsets of participants were used to evaluate inter-observer and test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to evaluate construct validity and measurement invariance between genders. Results: The adaptation demonstrated good inter-observer and test-retest reliability. CFA indicated that a construct representing a single underlying factor showed the best fit, although relationships between the observed scores and the latent traits underlying the scores varied between age groups. Within age groups, relationships between observed scores and these factors were not significantly influenced by gender. Conclusions: The Vietnamese Bayley III demonstrated good internal consistency and reliability. A latent structure with one general factor and additional residual correlations that change with age is supported by the theoretical understanding of child development. This is the first study to demonstrate gender invariance by age group. This adaptation is suitable for further research studies in urban Vietnamese children, but further work is needed to extend its applicability more broadly across Vietnam.
Highlights
Over the last 25 years, an unprecedented reduction in under-five mortality has been achieved under the Millennium Development Goals[1]
When scores were analysed within individual age groups, acceptable consistency was maintained (Cronbach’s alpha >0.7), except for the fine motor domain at 18–24 months and for receptive language aged less than 12 months
Construct validity and gender measurement invariance We present here the Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results for a general factor and measurement invariance by age group (Table 4–Table 6)
Summary
Over the last 25 years, an unprecedented reduction in under-five mortality has been achieved under the Millennium Development Goals[1]. The tool assesses five domains: a) cognitive (91 items), b) language (receptive language, 49 items; expressive language, 48 items), c) motor (fine motor, 66 items; gross motor, 72 items), d) socio-emotional (35 items) plus e) adaptive behaviour (241 items) It was standardised on a cohort of 1700 US children, stratified by age, sex, parental education, race and geographic region (US norms)[3]. A latent structure with one general factor and additional residual correlations that change with age is supported by the theoretical understanding of child development. This is the first study to demonstrate gender invariance by age group. This adaptation is suitable for further research studies in urban Vietnamese children, but further work is needed to extend its applicability more broadly across Vietnam
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
