Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, 72% of pregnant women received an antenatal care visit at least once in their pregnancy period. Ethiopia has one of the highest rates of maternal mortality in sub-Saharan African countries. So, this high maternal mortality levels remain a major public health problem. According to EDHS, 2016, the antenatal care (ANC), delivery care (DC), and postnatal care (PNC) were 62%, 73%, and 13%, respectively, indicating that ANC is in a low level. The main objective of this study was to examine the factors that affect the utilization of antenatal care services in Ethiopia using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. The data used for this study comes from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey which was conducted by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA). The statistical method of data analysis used for this study is the Bayesian multilevel binary logistic regression model in general and the Bayesian multilevel logistic regression for the random coefficient model in particular. The convergences of parameters are estimated by using Markov chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) using SPSS and MLwiN software. The descriptive result revealed that out of the 7171 women who are supposed to use ANC services, 2479 (34.6%) women were not receiving ANC services, while 4692 (65.4%) women were receiving ANC services. Moreover, women in the Somali and Afar regions are the least users of ANC. Using the Bayesian multilevel binary logistic regression of random coefficient model factors, place of residence, religion, educational attainment of women, husband educational level, employment status of husband, beat, household wealth index, and birth order were found to be the significant factors for usage of ANC. Regional variation in the usage of ANC was significant.
Highlights
Background of the StudyMaternal health refers to the well-being of women through pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period
The recent World Health Organization (WHO) estimates on maternal mortality showed that developed countries had a consistent low maternal mortality ratio that averaged less than 10 deaths per 100,000 live births for over a decade [2]
All computations were conducted in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and MLwiN version 2.02
Summary
Maternal health refers to the well-being of women through pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. In rich countries, where women have access to basic health care, giving birth is a positive and fulfilling experience. For many women that live in poor countries, it is associated with suffering, ill-health, and even death [1]. The recent World Health Organization (WHO) estimates on maternal mortality showed that developed countries had a consistent low maternal mortality ratio that averaged less than 10 deaths per 100,000 live births for over a decade [2]. Studies showed that Poland, Sweden, Japan, United Kingdom, and New Zealand have had the best performance in reducing and maintaining low maternal mortality levels over the past decades [3]
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