Abstract
Constitutional processes are a cornerstone of modern democracies. Whether revolutionary or institutionally organized, they establish the core values of social order and determine the institutional architecture that governs social life. Constitutional processes are themselves evolutionary practices of mutual learning in which actors, regardless of their initial political positions, continuously interact with each other, demonstrating differences and making alliances regarding different topics. In this article, we develop Tree Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN) classifiers to model the behavior of constituent agents. According to the nature of the constituent dynamics, weights are learned by the model from the data using an evolution strategy to obtain a good classification performance. For our analysis, we used the constituent agents’ communications on Twitter during the installation period of the Constitutional Convention (July–October 2021). In order to differentiate political positions (left, center, right), we applied the developed algorithm to obtain the scores of 882 ballots cast in the first stage of the convention (4 July to 29 September 2021). Then, we used k-means to identify three clusters containing right-wing, center, and left-wing positions. Experimental results obtained using the three constructed datasets showed that using alternative weight values in the TAN construction procedure, inferred by an evolution strategy, yielded improvements in the classification accuracy measured in the test sets compared to the results of the TAN constructed with conditional mutual information, as well as other Bayesian network classifier construction approaches. Additionally, our results may help us to better understand political behavior in constitutional processes and to improve the accuracy of TAN classifiers applied to social, real-world data.
Highlights
On the afternoon of 18 October 2019, serious riots took place in different parts of Santiago, Chile
For sentiment classification for each cluster, we were interested in using a classifier with interpretability capabilities and good classification performance; we explored different Bayesian network classifiers that have been successfully applied in other sentiment classification applications [4]
Compared to the hill-climbing approaches, we notice that (μ, λ)-Tree Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN) outperforms Hill-climbing tree augmented naive Bayes (HC-TAN) and HC-SP-TAN for all the datasets. This holds when compared to Backward sequential elimination and joining (BSEJ) and Forward sequential selection and joining (FSSJ)
Summary
On the afternoon of 18 October 2019, serious riots took place in different parts of Santiago, Chile. In order to avoid the collapse of the democratic system, the government and political forces from across the ideological spectrum called for a peace agreement and a new constitution. This paved the way for the institutional organization of the demands through a new constitution [1,2]. The convention consisted of 155 members, with equal numbers of seats for women and men, and with a quota of 17 seats reserved for native peoples It was composed of 37 right-wing, 36 center-left, 54 left-wing, and 11 independent members (mostly left-wing members), as well as 17 representatives of native peoples.
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