Abstract
We report the synthesis, UV-vis absorption, electrochemical characterisation, and DFT studies of five panchromatic, heteroleptic iridium complexes (four of which are new) supported by Ar-BIAN ligands. In particular, the synthesis of an ester-functionalised Ar-BIAN ligand was carried out by a mechanochemical milling approach, which was advantageous over conventional metal templating solution methods in terms of reaction time and product purity. The introduction of ester and carboxylate functionalities at the bay region of the acenaphthene motif increases each ligand’s π-accepting capacity and imparts grafting capabilities to the iridium complexes. These complexes have absorption profiles that surpass the renowned N3 dye [Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2] (dcbpy = 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine), making them of interest for solar-energy-harvesting applications.
Highlights
Ligand possessing methyl carboxylate and carboxylic acid substituents in the bay region of the acenaphthene motif via a mechanochemical milling approach, in which reactions are induced by mechanical energy through ball milling and grinding[28]
We present optical absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of a series of five complexes (Fig. 1) to highlight how we have achieved panchromatic light absorption with modest effects on the electrochemical potentials, indicating that the carboxylate on the Ar-BIAN ligand can potentially be employed in DSSCs and DSPECs
Cenini et al showed that the driving force for this double condensation is the precipitation of the metal Ar-BIAN complex
Summary
Ligand possessing methyl carboxylate and carboxylic acid substituents in the bay region of the acenaphthene motif via a mechanochemical milling approach, in which reactions are induced by mechanical energy through ball milling and grinding[28]. A specific mechanochemical technique is ball milling, in which reaction vessels are oscillated from side-to-side[30]. This motion creates impact between the ball-bearing inside the reaction vessel, the chemical contents, and the walls of the vessel, providing energy input to drive chemical reactions. The speed and milling time, together with the size of the ball bearing in the reaction vessel are adjustable and can be systematically varied[30]. We present optical absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of a series of five complexes (Fig. 1) to highlight how we have achieved panchromatic light absorption with modest effects on the electrochemical potentials, indicating that the carboxylate on the Ar-BIAN ligand can potentially be employed in DSSCs and DSPECs
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